Supplements & Vitamins

172 topics, A–Z

• 5-HTP 1 article How 5-HTP, the direct precursor to serotonin, supports mood, sleep quality, and appetite regulation
• Acacia Fiber 1 article How soluble fiber from acacia trees selectively feeds beneficial gut bacteria, moderates blood sugar, and eases digestive symptoms — with unusually high tolerance compared to other prebiotics
• Acetyl-L-Carnitine 1 article How this mitochondrial nutrient crosses the blood-brain barrier to support mental energy, relieve nerve pain, and stabilize mood
• Agmatine 1 article How agmatine — a compound derived from arginine and produced by gut bacteria — modulates pain, mood, and the nervous system
• Akkermansia Muciniphila 1 article How Akkermansia muciniphila, a mucus-layer bacterium, protects the gut barrier and supports metabolic health
• Alpha-GPC 1 article How this bioavailable choline compound boosts acetylcholine, enhances memory and focus, and supports athletic performance
• Alpha-Ketoglutarate 1 article How this naturally occurring molecule from the Krebs cycle is gaining attention for slowing biological aging and extending healthspan
• Alpha-Lipoic Acid 1 article How this versatile antioxidant protects nerves, improves insulin sensitivity, and recycles other antioxidants
• Apigenin 1 article How this common plant flavonoid calms inflammation, promotes restful sleep via GABA pathways, and supports healthy aging by preserving NAD+
• Ashwagandha 2 articles Ashwagandha's adaptogenic properties and its effects on cortisol and the stress response
• Astaxanthin 1 article How this carotenoid from microalgae fights oxidative stress with exceptional potency and supports skin, brain, and cardiovascular health
• B Vitamins 1 article Eight essential vitamins that power your metabolism, nervous system, and methylation cycle — and why so many people are quietly deficient
• BCAAs 1 article What branched-chain amino acids are, how leucine triggers muscle repair, and what the evidence shows about recovery, soreness, and muscle loss prevention
• Bee Pollen 1 article What bee pollen contains, how its flavonoids and plant sterols modulate inflammation and immune responses, and who should use it carefully.
• Bee Propolis 1 article How bees' natural sealant compound fights bacteria, reduces inflammation, supports oral health, and accelerates wound healing
• Benfotiamine 1 article How benfotiamine, a fat-soluble form of vitamin B1, protects nerves, supports brain function, and counters glucose-driven cellular damage
• Berberine 1 article What berberine is, how it lowers blood sugar and cholesterol, and what the clinical evidence actually shows
• Beta-Alanine 1 article How beta-alanine boosts muscle carnosine to buffer acid, delay fatigue, and improve high-intensity exercise performance
• Beta-Carotene 1 article Beta-carotene from carrots, sweet potato, and leafy greens is protective — but high-dose supplements raised lung cancer risk in two landmark trials of smokers. The food-versus-pill story matters.
• Beta-Glucans 1 article How the soluble fiber from oats, barley, and mushrooms trains immunity, lowers cholesterol, and steadies blood sugar
• Betaine 1 article How betaine (TMG) acts as a methyl donor to lower homocysteine, protect the liver, and support athletic performance
• Biotin 1 article Biotin (Vitamin B7) as an essential cofactor for fat and carbohydrate metabolism, nail strength, and managing deficiency-related hair loss
• Boron 1 article How this overlooked trace mineral supports bone density, sex hormone balance, and cognitive function
• Bovine Colostrum 1 article How the first milk produced after birth delivers concentrated immune factors and growth proteins that support gut integrity and immune function
• Bromelain 1 article How the proteolytic enzyme bromelain reduces inflammation, supports joint health, clears sinuses, and aids recovery
• Butyrate 1 article How gut bacteria convert dietary fiber into butyrate — and why this short-chain fatty acid is essential for colon health, immune balance, and brain function
• Calcium 1 article How calcium builds bones, enables muscle function, and why food sources outperform supplements
• Calcium D-Glucarate 1 article How this naturally occurring compound supports Phase II liver detoxification and helps clear excess estrogens and carcinogens
• Carnosine 1 article How carnosine protects against glycation, supports brain health, and boosts athletic performance
• CBD Oil 1 article What the science says about cannabidiol (CBD) — a non-psychoactive plant compound with evidence for anxiety reduction, sleep improvement, anti-inflammatory effects, and FDA-approved epilepsy treatment
• Chlorogenic Acid 1 article How chlorogenic acid — the main polyphenol in coffee and many vegetables — supports blood sugar control, heart health, and cellular defense
• Chlorophyll 1 article How the green pigment in plants helps the body neutralize carcinogens, support skin clarity, and improve gut microbiota balance
• Choline 1 article How this often-overlooked essential nutrient supports memory, liver fat metabolism, and fetal brain development
• Chromium 1 article How this essential trace mineral helps regulate blood sugar, improve insulin sensitivity, and support metabolic health
• Citicoline 1 article How citicoline (CDP-choline) builds brain cell membranes, sharpens attention, and protects the aging mind
• Collagen 2 articles The major collagen types, how production declines with age, and the benefits for joints, skin, and gut health
• Conjugated Linoleic Acid 1 article How CLA — a naturally occurring fatty acid in grass-fed dairy and beef — influences body fat, immune function, and cancer-preventive pathways, with an honest look at what the clinical evidence supports
• Copper 1 article How copper supports collagen synthesis, immune function, brain health, and energy production — and why deficiency is more common than you might think
• CoQ10 1 article What coenzyme Q10 is, why it matters for heart health and energy production, how it compares to statins, and the evidence for supplementation
• Creatine 1 article What creatine is, how it works in the body, and the evidence for its effects on muscle, strength, and brain function
• D-Mannose 1 article How this simple sugar prevents bacteria from sticking to the bladder wall, and what the evidence says about its use for recurrent UTIs
• D-Ribose 1 article How D-ribose fuels ATP production in heart and muscle cells, and the evidence for its use in heart failure, chronic fatigue, and exercise recovery
• DHEA 1 article DHEA is the most abundant steroid hormone in the body and a precursor to both testosterone and estrogen — but levels drop 80-90% by old age.
• Digestive Enzymes 1 article The enzymes your body makes to break down food, what happens when production falls short, and the evidence for enzyme supplements in IBS, bloating, and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
• Dihydromyricetin 1 article How this flavonoid from the Japanese raisin tree protects the liver, modulates GABA receptors, and supports metabolic health
• DIM 1 article How DIM from cruciferous vegetables shifts estrogen toward safer metabolites, supporting hormone balance, breast health, and prostate health
• Diosmin 1 article How this citrus-derived flavonoid strengthens veins, reduces swelling, and is one of the most clinically validated natural compounds for venous disease
• Ecdysterone 1 article How this plant compound from spinach may build muscle, support metabolism, and aid recovery without hormonal side effects
• Ecklonia Cava 1 article How Ecklonia cava's unique marine polyphenols support blood sugar regulation, sleep quality, and cognitive protection through antioxidant and GABA-modulating mechanisms.
• EGCG 1 article How epigallocatechin gallate from green tea works, what the human evidence actually shows, and why the dose and form matter for safety
• Ellagic Acid 1 article How this polyphenol found in pomegranates, berries, and walnuts guards against cancer, supports metabolic health, and converts in the gut into powerful urolithin metabolites
• Epicatechin 1 article How this cacao and green tea flavonoid boosts nitric oxide, inhibits muscle-limiting myostatin, and supports metabolic health
• Ergothioneine 1 article How this rare mushroom-derived compound protects cells, supports the aging brain, and is associated with longer life
• Evening Primrose Oil 1 article How evening primrose oil's gamma-linolenic acid supports skin barrier, hormonal balance, and inflammation
• Exogenous Ketones 1 article How beta-hydroxybutyrate supplements work as an alternative fuel source, their anti-inflammatory signaling role, and what research shows for cognition and exercise performance
• Ferulic Acid 1 article How this phenolic acid found in whole grains and coffee protects cells from oxidative damage, reduces inflammation, supports blood sugar regulation, and may slow neurodegeneration
• Fisetin 1 article How this strawberry-derived flavonoid clears aging cells, protects the brain, and fights inflammation
• Folate 1 article Why the form of folate you take matters — from synthetic folic acid to active methylfolate — and how the MTHFR gene affects your ability to use it
• Fucoidan 1 article A deep look at fucoidan, the sulfated polysaccharide from brown seaweed, its mechanisms of immune activation, anticancer potential, and emerging clinical evidence
• Fucoxanthin 1 article How this brown seaweed pigment triggers fat burning through a unique thermogenic mechanism and supports metabolic, liver, and inflammatory health
• Fulvic Acid 1 article How fulvic acid carries minerals into cells, calms inflammation, protects the gut lining, and what the emerging research says about its role in brain aging
• GABA 1 article How GABA — the brain's main inhibitory neurotransmitter — works as a supplement for anxiety, stress, and sleep, including the debate over whether it crosses the blood-brain barrier
• Glucomannan 1 article How glucomannan, the highly viscous fiber from the konjac root, supports blood sugar control, lowers LDL cholesterol, and feeds beneficial gut bacteria
• Glucosamine and Chondroitin 1 article How these naturally-occurring compounds support cartilage integrity, reduce joint pain, and may slow osteoarthritis progression
• Glutathione 1 article How glutathione works as the body's primary defense against oxidative stress, why levels decline with age, and what the research says about supplementation
• Glycine 1 article How glycine supports deep sleep, blood sugar regulation, collagen synthesis, and whole-body anti-inflammatory balance
• GlyNAC 1 article How the glycine and NAC combination restores glutathione, reverses mitochondrial dysfunction, and addresses multiple hallmarks of aging
• Grapeseed Extract 1 article How grapeseed extract's concentrated OPCs support blood pressure, LDL oxidation, inflammation, and vascular health
• Hesperidin 1 article How this abundant citrus flavonoid lowers blood pressure, improves blood vessel function, and protects the brain
• HMB 1 article How this natural leucine metabolite protects muscle during illness, aging, and recovery — and what the evidence actually shows
• Huperzine A 1 article How a compound from Chinese club moss inhibits acetylcholinesterase to sharpen memory and protect aging brains
• Hyaluronic Acid 1 article How hyaluronic acid keeps joints cushioned, skin hydrated, and eyes lubricated, and what oral supplementation research actually shows
• Indole-3-Carbinol 1 article How I3C from broccoli and cabbage shifts estrogen metabolism and reduces cancer risk
• Inositol 1 article How myo-inositol supports blood sugar regulation, PCOS, fertility, and anxiety through its role as a cellular messenger
• Inulin 1 article How this fermentable fiber feeds beneficial bacteria, supports blood sugar, lowers cholesterol, and improves calcium absorption
• Iodine 1 article Why iodine deficiency is still widespread, how the thyroid depends on it, and practical ways to optimize intake
• Iron 1 article Why iron deficiency is the world's most common nutritional deficiency, how to absorb it effectively, and when to supplement wisely
• Kaempferol 1 article How this yellow plant flavonoid found in kale, capers, and tea blocks inflammation, protects the heart and blood vessels, and shields neurons
• Krill Oil 1 article How krill oil's unique phospholipid-bound omega-3s compare to fish oil, and what the research says about inflammation, joint pain, and PMS
• L-Arginine 1 article How L-arginine fuels nitric oxide production to support healthy blood pressure, blood flow, endothelial function, and wound healing
• L-Carnitine 1 article How this amino acid derivative shuttles fatty acids into mitochondria to power the heart, support metabolic health, and improve sperm motility
• L-Citrulline 1 article How L-citrulline boosts nitric oxide production, supports cardiovascular health, and improves exercise performance through the arginine-nitric oxide pathway
• L-Glutamine 1 article How L-glutamine keeps the gut lining intact, powers immune cells, and becomes a conditionally essential nutrient during illness, surgery, and intense exercise
• L-Lysine 1 article How this essential amino acid prevents herpes outbreaks, improves calcium absorption, and helps regulate the stress response
• L-Ornithine 1 article How the amino acid L-ornithine reduces physical fatigue, improves sleep quality, and helps the body clear toxic ammonia through the urea cycle
• L-Theanine 1 article How L-theanine promotes relaxed alertness, reduces anxiety, improves sleep quality, and enhances cognitive performance when paired with caffeine
• L-Tryptophan 1 article How this essential amino acid serves as the foundation for serotonin and melatonin, shaping mood, sleep, and stress resilience
• L-Tyrosine 1 article What controlled trials show about L-tyrosine, the amino acid precursor of dopamine and norepinephrine, for mental performance under stress, sleep loss, and multitasking
• Lactobacillus Reuteri 1 article What clinical trials show for the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri: shorter childhood diarrhea, a modest boost to H. pylori treatment, mixed results for infant colic, and early animal work on oxytocin
• Lactoferrin 1 article How this milk-derived immune protein regulates iron absorption, defends against pathogens, and supports gut barrier integrity — and what clinical trials show about supplementation
• Larch Arabinogalactan 1 article A highly branched polysaccharide from larch trees that selectively feeds beneficial gut bacteria, shifts microbiome composition toward healthier profiles, and reduces the incidence of common cold infections in clinical trials
• Lithium Orotate 1 article How low-dose lithium supports stable mood, protects neurons from tau tangles and inflammation, and may help preserve cognition with age
• Lumbrokinase 1 article How earthworm-derived lumbrokinase enzymes dissolve fibrin, reduce blood viscosity, and support stroke prevention through multiple mechanisms
• Lutein and Zeaxanthin 1 article How these yellow carotenoids protect the macula, filter blue light, and may support brain health
• Luteolin 1 article How this yellow plant flavonoid fights inflammation, calms allergic reactions, and protects the aging brain
• Lycopene 1 article How lycopene — the pigment in tomatoes and watermelon — protects the heart, may reduce prostate cancer risk, and shields skin from UV damage
• Magnesium 3 articles Role in 300+ enzymatic reactions and the scope of widespread deficiency
• Manganese 1 article How this essential trace mineral supports strong bones, powers the body's primary mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme, and helps regulate blood sugar
• MCT Oil 1 article How medium-chain triglycerides fuel the brain with ketones, support fat loss, and offer antimicrobial benefits
• Melatonin 1 article Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant and immune modulator, not just a sleep hormone -- and most people are taking too much.
• Methylene Blue 1 article How this century-old compound enhances cellular energy production, sharpens memory, and protects the brain against neurodegeneration
• Molybdenum 1 article How this essential trace mineral powers four critical enzymes, neutralizes toxic sulfites, and supports purine metabolism — and why legume eaters rarely need to worry
• Monolaurin 1 article How monolaurin — a compound derived from lauric acid in coconut oil and breast milk — disrupts pathogen membranes, supports immunity, and what the research shows.
• MSM 1 article How methylsulfonylmethane — a natural sulfur compound — supports joint comfort, reduces inflammation, and aids recovery after exercise
• Multivitamins 1 article What the largest trials of a daily multivitamin found for heart disease, cancer, memory and lifespan, and who actually benefits from taking one.
• NAC 1 article What N-Acetylcysteine is, how it boosts glutathione, and the evidence for its effects on lung health, liver protection, and mental wellbeing
• NAD+ 1 article How NAD+ fuels your cells, declines with age, and why NMN and NR supplements are at the frontier of aging research
• Nattokinase 1 article How nattokinase, a fermented soy enzyme, supports heart health by dissolving blood clots and lowering blood pressure
• Niacin 1 article How flush niacin — vitamin B3 as nicotinic acid — uniquely reshapes the lipid profile and what the clinical evidence actually shows
• Niacinamide 1 article How niacinamide (vitamin B3 as nicotinamide) supports skin health, reduces inflammation, and protects joints — with strong clinical evidence
• Nicotinamide Riboside 1 article How nicotinamide riboside raises NAD+ levels, supports mitochondrial function, cardiovascular health, and healthy aging — and what human clinical trials actually show
• NMN 1 article How nicotinamide mononucleotide boosts NAD+ levels, supports mitochondrial energy, insulin sensitivity, and healthy aging — and what the human trials show
• Nobiletin 1 article How this polymethoxylated flavone from citrus peel enhances circadian rhythms, protects against metabolic syndrome, and reduces neuroinflammation
• Nutrient Interactions and Timing 1 article Which vitamins, minerals, coffee and medicines compete for absorption, what the studies measured, and a simple daily schedule that keeps them apart.
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids 3 articles Understanding the two most important omega-3 fatty acids and what they do in your body
• Palmitoylethanolamide 1 article How palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), a fatty acid your body already makes, calms inflammation and chronic pain — and what multiple clinical meta-analyses show about its effectiveness
• Pantethine 1 article How pantethine — the active, sulfur-bearing form of vitamin B5 — lowers LDL cholesterol and supports coenzyme A metabolism without requiring a prescription
• Pantothenic Acid 1 article Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) as the precursor to coenzyme A — essential for fatty acid metabolism, energy production, and acyl carrier protein function, with emerging clinical evidence in acne and inherited neurodegeneration
• Pea Protein 1 article How pea protein compares to whey for muscle building, its blood pressure-lowering peptides, effect on satiety, and advantages for those avoiding dairy, soy, or gluten
• Phosphatidylcholine 1 article How the body's most abundant phospholipid supports liver fat metabolism, memory, and the structural integrity of every cell
• Phosphatidylserine 1 article How this essential phospholipid supports memory, blunts cortisol, and helps athletes recover
• Phytosterols 1 article How plant sterols and stanols from everyday foods lower LDL cholesterol by blocking intestinal absorption, with strong clinical evidence and endorsement from major health authorities
• Pine Bark Extract 1 article How Pycnogenol, a potent plant antioxidant from French maritime pine bark, supports cardiovascular function, circulation, and cognitive health
• Postbiotics 1 article How inactivated bacteria and their metabolic byproducts support gut health, immunity, and inflammation control — the newest frontier in microbiome science
• Potassium 1 article How potassium regulates blood pressure, protects against stroke, supports bone density, and powers every muscle contraction
• PQQ 1 article How pyrroloquinoline quinone supports mitochondrial biogenesis, protects neurons, and improves cognitive performance in aging adults
• Pregnenolone 1 article Pregnenolone is the upstream precursor to nearly every steroid hormone in the body — and a neurosteroid that directly supports brain function, mood, and memory.
• Probiotics 4 articles What the gut microbiome is and why it matters for overall health
• Psychobiotics 1 article How specific probiotic strains modulate the gut-brain axis to reduce anxiety, improve stress responses, and support mood — with evidence from human clinical trials
• Psyllium Husk 1 article How psyllium husk's soluble fiber lowers cholesterol, stabilizes blood sugar, and supports a healthy gut microbiome
• Pterostilbene 1 article Pterostilbene is a blueberry compound structurally similar to resveratrol but with dramatically better bioavailability — and growing human evidence for blood pressure reduction and metabolic benefits.
• Quercetin 2 articles How this plant flavonoid fights inflammation, calms allergies, and may help clear aging cells
• Red Yeast Rice 1 article How fermented red yeast rice lowers LDL cholesterol through naturally occurring monacolin K and supports heart health
• Resveratrol 1 article Resveratrol activates longevity genes and fights inflammation, but bioavailability challenges limit its real-world impact.
• Rhodiola 1 article How rhodiola rosea helps the body adapt to stress and combat mental and physical fatigue
• Riboflavin 1 article Why vitamin B2 is essential for cellular energy, how high-dose riboflavin cuts migraine frequency in half, and its underappreciated role in methylation and antioxidant defense
• Rosmarinic Acid 1 article How this polyphenol from rosemary, basil, and perilla fights inflammation, calms allergic reactions, and supports brain health
• Royal Jelly 1 article How the queen bee's exclusive food — rich in 10-HDA — supports cognitive function, menopausal comfort, skin integrity, and cardiovascular health
• Rutin 1 article How this plant bioflavonoid strengthens blood vessels, reduces inflammation, and supports metabolic and brain health
• Saccharomyces Boulardii 1 article How this beneficial yeast protects the gut from antibiotic damage, traveler's diarrhea, C. diff infection, and IBS
• SAMe 1 article How SAMe — the body's universal methyl donor — supports mental health, joint comfort, and liver function through methylation chemistry
• Selenium 1 article Why selenium is essential but dangerous in excess, its role in thyroid function and antioxidant defense, and how to get the dose right
• Serrapeptase 1 article How this proteolytic enzyme from silkworms breaks down fibrin, reduces inflammation, and clears the way for tissue healing
• Shilajit 1 article How this Himalayan mineral resin supports testosterone, mitochondrial energy, and cognitive health through fulvic acid and dibenzo-alpha-pyrones
• Silica 1 article How dietary silicon supports collagen synthesis, bone mineral density, and the health of skin, hair, and nails — and what the research actually shows
• Sodium Bicarbonate 1 article How baking soda buffers acid buildup during intense exercise and slows kidney decline in chronic metabolic acidosis
• Spermidine 1 article How this natural polyamine triggers your cells' built-in recycling system and what the research says about aging and heart health
• Spore-Based Probiotics 1 article How Bacillus spore-forming probiotics survive stomach acid to support gut health, immunity, and microbiome balance
• Squalene 1 article A natural lipid found abundantly in extra virgin olive oil and human sebum, with research supporting cardiovascular protection, antioxidant activity, and potential cancer-preventive effects.
• Strontium 1 article How the mineral strontium supports bone formation, improves density, and reduces fracture risk — and what research says about supplementing with strontium citrate
• Sulforaphane 1 article How sulforaphane from broccoli sprouts activates the body's master antioxidant switch — with evidence for cancer prevention, detoxification, and neuroprotection
• Supplement Quality and Testing 1 article What audits found in supplement bottles, which products are riskiest, and what third-party seals, lab certificates and FDA tools can and cannot tell you.
• Taurine 1 article How taurine supports heart health, exercise performance, brain protection, and longevity — and why levels drop dramatically as we age
• Theacrine 1 article How this purine alkaloid from kucha tea provides sustained energy and focus through adenosine and dopamine pathways without building tolerance the way caffeine does
• Thiamine 1 article Why vitamin B1 is foundational for energy production and neurological function, who is quietly deficient, and how high-dose thiamine may help even when blood tests look normal
• Tocotrienols 1 article Why tocotrienols — the underappreciated half of the vitamin E family — outperform standard alpha-tocopherol for heart, brain, and cancer protection
• Turmeric 2 articles What curcumin is, why it matters, and the science behind its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
• Uridine Monophosphate 1 article How uridine monophosphate builds new brain synapses, supports dopamine signaling, and works synergistically with DHA and choline
• Urolithin A 1 article What research shows about urolithin A, a gut-made compound from pomegranates and nuts that triggers mitophagy, and what the first human trials found for muscle strength and endurance
• Ursolic Acid 1 article How this triterpenoid found in apple peel, rosemary, and basil protects muscle tissue, fights inflammation, and supports metabolic health
• Vanadium 1 article How this trace mineral mimics insulin, improves glucose uptake in muscle and liver, and what the clinical trials show for type 2 diabetes
• Vinpocetine 1 article How this periwinkle-derived alkaloid increases cerebral blood flow, protects against neuroinflammation, and has over 30 years of European clinical use for cerebrovascular health
• Vitamin A 1 article How vitamin A supports the immune system, maintains mucosal barriers, and drives skin cell turnover — and why too much can be as harmful as too little
• Vitamin B12 1 article Why vitamin B12 is essential for nerves and brain function, who is silently deficient, and how to choose the right form and dose
• Vitamin B6 1 article How vitamin B6 (pyridoxine/P5P) supports mood, eases premenstrual symptoms, and reduces morning sickness
• Vitamin C 2 articles Vitamin C does far more than fight colds — from collagen synthesis to iron absorption, it is one of the most versatile nutrients in the body
• Vitamin D 3 articles What vitamin D is and why deficiency is so widespread
• Vitamin E 1 article What vitamin E is, where to get it, and what the research actually shows about its benefits and limits
• Vitamin K2 1 article Without vitamin K2, calcium goes to your arteries instead of your bones — the calcium paradox explained
• Whey Protein 1 article How whey protein supports muscle growth, blood sugar regulation, glutathione production, and cardiovascular health
• Zinc 2 articles What zinc does in the body, why deficiency is common, and the evidence for supplementation on immunity, wound healing, hormones, and cognition
• Zinc Carnosine 1 article How the zinc-carnosine complex protects and repairs the gut lining, reduces intestinal permeability, and supports H. pylori treatment